Kiwifruit and their tangy green flesh are routinely purchased and devoured throughout the year by people across the nation. This is no surprise. Kiwis are high in Vitamin C, dietary fiber, and potassium. The subtropical fruit is also a favorite of many southern U.S. producers since the delicious fruit is traditionally grown in warmer climates. California produces the vast majority of kiwis that are sold in our local grocery stores, but due to recent research advancements from U.S. Department of Agriculture scientists, this may no longer be the case.
獼猴桃及其濃郁的綠色果肉常年被全國(guó)各地的人們購(gòu)買和食用。這并不奇怪。新西蘭人富含維生素C、膳食纖維和鉀。亞熱帶水果也是許多美國(guó)南部生產(chǎn)商的最愛(ài)，因?yàn)檫@種美味的水果傳統(tǒng)上生長(zhǎng)在溫暖的氣候中。加利福尼亞州生產(chǎn)了我們當(dāng)?shù)仉s貨店出售的絕大多數(shù)獼猴桃，但由于美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部科學(xué)家最近的研究進(jìn)展，情況可能不再如此。
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This was not a snap decision. The research actually began in 1995 when scientists from the Agricultural Research Service’s Appalachian Fruit Research Service (AFRS) planted second-generation seedlings that originated in Rome, Italy. Only two vines survived the cold winter temperatures between 1995 and 2015, with a record low temperature during that period of –5.8 F. Of those two vines, 'Tango' (female) and 'Hombre' (male) were planted and evaluated in the AFRS’orchards before a new crop proved that these particular cultivars could grow and thrive in traditional Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern winter climates.
這不是一個(gè)倉(cāng)促的決定。這項(xiàng)研究實(shí)際上始于1995年，當(dāng)時(shí)農(nóng)業(yè)研究局阿巴拉契亞水果研究局（AFRS）的科學(xué)家種植了源自意大利羅馬的第二代幼苗。在1995年至2015年期間，只有兩株葡萄在寒冷的冬季溫度下存活下來(lái)，那段時(shí)間的最低溫度為-5.8華氏度。在這兩株葡萄中，“Tango”（雌性）和“Hombre”（雄性）在新作物證明這些特定品種可以在傳統(tǒng)的中大西洋和東北部冬季氣候中生長(zhǎng)和茁壯成長(zhǎng)之前，在AFRS的果園進(jìn)行了種植和評(píng)估。
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In a recently published study, researchers noted that both vines grew vigorously, and received little pruning before bearing fruit. There was also no need for supplemental irrigation, fertilizer, pesticides, or a warm climate for growth.
在最近發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究中，研究人員指出，這兩種葡萄藤生長(zhǎng)旺盛，在結(jié)果之前幾乎沒(méi)有修剪。也不需要補(bǔ)充灌溉、肥料、殺蟲(chóng)劑或溫暖的氣候來(lái)促進(jìn)生長(zhǎng)。
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Whole and sliced kiwis.Kiwis grown at the Appalachian Fruit Research Station. (Photo by Mark Demuth, ARS)整顆和切片的獼猴桃。在阿巴拉契亞水果研究站種植的獼猴桃。（圖片由ARS的Mark Demuth提供）
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"This cultivar isn’t currently found in the grocery store," said Research Biologist Scientist Chris Dardick. "The flesh and texture are very similar to the kiwifruit that people already enjoy and so is the flavor. It’s easy to grow, extremely pest and disease resistant, and readily available for use by producers and nurseries in colder climate conditions."
研究生物學(xué)家克里斯·達(dá)迪克說(shuō)：“這種品種目前在雜貨店還沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)?！薄！矮J猴桃的果肉和質(zhì)地與人們已經(jīng)喜歡的獼猴桃非常相似，味道也是如此。它很容易種植，非?？共∠x(chóng)害，在較冷的氣候條件下很容易被生產(chǎn)者和苗圃使用。”
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Tango’s fruit yields high quality in terms of size and soluble solids and are comparable to the commercial A. deliciosa cultivar Hayward. It can also remain in cold storage for extended periods of time.Tango的果實(shí)在大小和可溶性固形物方面質(zhì)量很高，與商業(yè)A.deliciosa品種Hayward相當(dāng)。它也可以長(zhǎng)時(shí)間冷藏。
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The male pollinizer 'Hombre' is not patented and can be publicly made available upon request. The female kiwi 'Tango' is patented by the USDA-ARS and can be distributed to nurseries or producers once they obtain a licensing agreement. Both plants ('Hombre' and 'Tango') are essential to produce the kiwifruit. Limited quantities of budwood and/or plants from 'Tango' and 'Hombre' are also available upon request for evaluation.
男性花粉器“Hombre”沒(méi)有專利，可以根據(jù)要求公開(kāi)提供。雌性幾維鳥(niǎo)“探戈”已獲得美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部農(nóng)業(yè)研究所的專利，一旦獲得許可協(xié)議，就可以分發(fā)給托兒所或生產(chǎn)者。這兩種植物（‘紅褐色’和‘探戈’）都是生產(chǎn)獼猴桃所必需的。根據(jù)要求，我們還可以提供有限數(shù)量的“Tango”和“Hombre”的浮木和/或植物進(jìn)行評(píng)估。
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